首頁>LaTeX>2019-12-05 21:40source

LaTeX tikz pgf:如何使線連線成為目標 - tikzpicture

我已经能够執行下面的代碼，但它仍然不是我需要的。

我需要點a1到a5以形成直線到"Gol"點。

我该怎麼做？

.dat檔案看起来像這樣（inimigo.dat）：

pontofixo.dat

115 45 Goal

gbest.data

66.6357 27.6357 g0
48.2417 38.2417 g1
53.5413 63.5413 g2
57.8469 18.8469 g3
75.6483 40.2518 g4

inicial.dat

取這些坐標，如何从a0點到"Gol"點？

\documentclass[varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{
 paperwidth=25cm,
 left=1in,right=1in,top=1in,bottom=1in
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{.4\textwidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[xmin=0,xmax=120,ymin=0,ymax=90, xstep=1,ystep=1,nodes near coords,enlargelimits=0.0]
     \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near coords={\labelz}, visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz}] 
               table[header=false]{pontofixo.dat};
    \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near coords={\labelz}, visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz}] 
                table[header=false]{inimigo.dat};
        \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near coords={\labelz},visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz}] 
                table[header=false]{inicial.dat};
  \end{axis}
  \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Estado inicial}
\end{subfigure}%
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{.4\textwidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[xmin=0,xmax=120,ymin=0,ymax=90, xstep=1,ystep=1,nodes near coords,enlargelimits=0.0]
     \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near coords={\labelz}, visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz}] 
               table[header=false]{pontofixo.dat};
    \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near coords={\labelz}, visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz}] 
                table[header=false]{inimigo.dat};
       \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near coords={\labelz}, visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz}] 
                table[header=false]{gbest.dat};
  \end{axis}
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \caption{Estado final}
\end{subfigure}%
\end{figure}
\end{document}

获得此結果：

但我需要類似的（在inskcape中編輯）：

105

LaTeXtikzpgf

LaTeXpgfplots

LaTeXnodesnearcoords

最新回復

2019-12-5

1 #

COMPLETE REVISION ：在我迴答這个問题後的某个時候，我遇到了這个很酷的伎俩，它允许人们以更優雅的方式實現目標.在我提醒我在這个問题中的原始代碼之後，我覺得我需要將此答案更新為

\documentclass[varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{inimigo.dat}
x y label
52 10 a0
3 41 a1
51 52 a2
22 62 a3
36 32 a4
\end{filecontents*}
\begin{filecontents*}{pontofixo.dat}
x y label
115 45 Goal
\end{filecontents*}
\begin{filecontents*}{inicial.dat}
x y label
65  26  i0
47  37  i1
6   16  i2
44  5   i3
58  6   i4
\end{filecontents*}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{
 paperwidth=25cm,
 left=1in,right=1in,top=1in,bottom=1in
}
\pgfplotsset{% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/75811/121799
    name nodes near coords/.style={
        every node near coord/.append style={
            name=#1-\coordindex,
            alias=#1-last,
        },
    },
    name nodes near coords/.default=coordnode
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{.4\textwidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[xmin=0,xmax=120,ymin=0,ymax=90, xstep=1,ystep=1,nodes near coords,enlargelimits=0.0]
    \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near
     coords={\labelz}, 
     visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
     name nodes near coords=Gol] 
               table{pontofixo.dat}; % this defines the coordinate (Goal)
               % if I do not define it, the next sequence will throw an error
    \addplot +[scatter/position=relative,only marks,mark=*,
    nodes near coords={\labelz}, 
    visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
    name nodes near coords=a] 
                table{inimigo.dat};
    \addplot +[scatter/position=relative,only marks,mark=*,
    nodes near coords={\labelz}, 
    visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
    name nodes near coords=i] 
                table{inicial.dat};

  \end{axis}
 \foreach \n in {0,...,4}
 {
 \draw[black,thick,dashed] (a-\n.south) -- (Gol-0.south);
 \draw[black,thick,dashed] (i-\n.south) -- (Gol-0.south);
 }
  \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Estado inicial}
\end{subfigure}%
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{.4\textwidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[xmin=0,xmax=120,ymin=0,ymax=90, xstep=1,ystep=1,nodes near coords,enlargelimits=0.0]
     \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near
     coords={\labelz}, 
     visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
     name nodes near coords=Gol] 
               table{pontofixo.dat}; % this defines the coordinate (Goal)
               % if I do not define it, the next sequence will throw an error
    \addplot +[scatter/position=relative,only marks,mark=*,
    nodes near coords={\labelz}, 
    visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
     name nodes near coords=a] 
                table{inimigo.dat};
    \addplot +[scatter/position=relative,only marks,mark=*,
    nodes near coords={\labelz}, 
    visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
    name nodes near coords=g] 
                table{gbest.dat};
  \end{axis}
 \foreach \n in {0,...,4}
 {
 \draw[black,thick,dashed] (a-\n.south) -- (Gol-0.south);
 \draw[black,thick,dashed] (g-\n.south) -- (Gol-0.south);
 }
 \end{tikzpicture}
 \caption{Estado final}
\end{subfigure}%
\end{figure}
\end{document}

OLD ：這是我原来的解決方案。

\documentclass[varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{inimigo.dat}
x y label
52 10 a0
3 41 a1
51 52 a2
22 62 a3
36 32 a4
\end{filecontents*}
\begin{filecontents*}{pontofixo.dat}
x y label
115 45 Goal
\end{filecontents*}
\begin{filecontents*}{inicial.dat}
x y label
65  26  i0
47  37  i1
6   16  i2
44  5   i3
58  6   i4
\end{filecontents*}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{
 paperwidth=25cm,
 left=1in,right=1in,top=1in,bottom=1in
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{.4\textwidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[xmin=0,xmax=120,ymin=0,ymax=90, xstep=1,ystep=1,nodes near coords,enlargelimits=0.0]
\xdef\DoLater{}
     \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near
     coords={\makebox[0pt]{\coordinate(\labelz) at (\myx,\myy);}\labelz}, 
     visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{x}\as\myx},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{y}\as\myy}] 
               table{pontofixo.dat}; % this defines the coordinate (Goal)
               % if I do not define it, the next sequence will throw an error
    \addplot +[scatter/position=relative,only marks,mark=*,
    nodes near coords={\labelz\makebox[0pt]{\coordinate(\labelz) at
    (\myx,\myy);
    \xdef\DoLater{\DoLater,\labelz}
    }}, visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{x}\as\myx},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{y}\as\myy}] 
                table{inimigo.dat};
    \addplot +[scatter/position=relative,only marks,mark=*,
    nodes near coords={\labelz\makebox[0pt]{\coordinate(\labelz) at
    (\myx,\myy);
    \xdef\DoLater{\DoLater,\labelz}
    }}, visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{x}\as\myx},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{y}\as\myy}] 
                table{inicial.dat};

  \end{axis}
  \foreach \Point in \DoLater{
\ifx\Point\empty%
\relax
\else
\draw (\Point) -- (Goal);
\fi
}
  \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Estado inicial}
\end{subfigure}%
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{.4\textwidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[xmin=0,xmax=120,ymin=0,ymax=90, xstep=1,ystep=1,nodes near coords,enlargelimits=0.0]

\xdef\DoLater{}
     \addplot +[only marks,mark=*,nodes near
     coords={\makebox[0pt]{\coordinate(\labelz) at (\myx,\myy);}\labelz}, 
     visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{x}\as\myx},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{y}\as\myy}] 
               table{pontofixo.dat}; % this defines the coordinate (Goal)
               % if I do not define it, the next sequence will throw an error
    \addplot +[scatter/position=relative,only marks,mark=*,
    nodes near coords={\labelz\makebox[0pt]{\coordinate(\labelz) at
    (\myx,\myy);
    \xdef\DoLater{\DoLater,\labelz}
    }}, visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{x}\as\myx},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{y}\as\myy}] 
                table{inimigo.dat};
    \addplot +[scatter/position=relative,only marks,mark=*,
    nodes near coords={\labelz\makebox[0pt]{\coordinate(\labelz) at
    (\myx,\myy);
    \xdef\DoLater{\DoLater,\labelz}
    }}, visualization depends on={value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{x}\as\myx},
     visualization depends on={value \thisrow{y}\as\myy}] 
                table{gbest.dat};
  \end{axis}
  \foreach \Point in \DoLater{
\ifx\Point\empty%
\relax
\else
\draw (\Point) -- (Goal);
\fi
}
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \caption{Estado final}
\end{subfigure}%
\end{figure}
\end{document}

說明：在解析表格時，会定義具有標簽的坐標......猜測... label ，坐標也儲存在列表 \DoLater中 .此列表在外部解析 axis 環境（由於延迟擴充套件問题）然後绘製連線. （請註意，此版本依赖於坐標標簽是唯一的，但添加像 \coordindex這樣的东西很簡單在標簽上使標簽在這个技巧的未来應用中独一無二。）

2019-12-5

2 #

這个解決方案的主要思想是给 nodes near coords 一个 name 因此可以在以後使用/引用它们来绘製連線線.完成後，只需要知道

how many \addplot 在哪裏绘製和

每个 \addplot有多少个坐標

有了這些知識，就可以轻松地將線條划分為"目標"。

（我只提供第一张圖的解決方案，然後可以很容易地將其用於第二张圖。）

有關详细資訊，請查看代碼中的註釋。

% used PGFPlots v1.15
    \begin{filecontents*}{pontofixo.dat}
        x   y   label
        115 45  Goal
    \end{filecontents*}
    \begin{filecontents*}{inimigo.dat}
        x   y   label
        52  10  a0
        3   41  a1
        51  52  a2
        22  62  a3
        36  32  a4
    \end{filecontents*}
    \begin{filecontents*}{inicial.dat}
        x   y   label
        65  26  i0
        47  37  i1
        6   16  i2
        44  5   i3
        58  6   i4
    \end{filecontents*}
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[
        xmin=0,
        xmax=120,
        ymin=0,
        ymax=90,
        enlargelimits=false,
        % moved common options here
        only marks,
        nodes near coords={\labelz},
        % give any "node near coord" a name
        nodes near coords style={
            name=a\plotnum-\coordindex,
        },
        visualization depends on={
            value \thisrowno{2}\as\labelz
        },
        % create a cycle list so there is no need for `\addplot' options
        cycle multiindex* list={
            color\nextlist
            mark=*\nextlist
        },
    ]
        \addplot table {pontofixo.dat};
        \addplot table {inimigo.dat};
        \addplot table {inicial.dat};
            % store the number of plots which will be needed outside the
            % `axis' environment
            \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\NumPlots}{\numplots}
    \end{axis}
    % now draw the lines
    \foreach \tab [count=\plotnumber from 1] in {
        inimigo.dat,
        inicial.dat%
    } {
            % get the number of rows per table so we know how many lines need to
            % be drawn per table
            \pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\tab}
            \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\NoOfRows}{\pgfplotsretval-1}
        \foreach \i in {0,...,\NoOfRows} {
            \draw (a\plotnumber-\i.south) -- (a0-0.south);
        }
    }
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}